Pediatric ophthalmology is a sub-speciality of ophthalmology concerned with eye diseases, visual development, and vision care in children. Pediatric ophthalmologists also have expertise in managing the various ocular diseases that affect children. Pediatric ophthalmologists are qualified to perform complex eye surgery as well as to manage children's eye problems using glasses and medications. Many ophthalmologists and other physicians refer pediatric patients to a pediatric ophthalmologist for examination and management of ocular problems due to children's unique needs. In addition to children with obvious vision problems, children with head turns, head tilts, squinting of the eyes, or preferred head postures (torticollis) are typically referred to a pediatric ophthalmologist for evaluation. Pediatric ophthalmologists typically also manage adults with eye movement disorders (such as nystagmus or strabismus) due to their familiarity with strabismus conditions.

According to the World Health Organization in May 2009 more than 314 million people worldwide were visually impaired out of this 45 million were blind and 85% people had low vision & avoidable blindness, childhood blindness remains a significant problem, with an estimated 12 million blind children below age 15. The Paediatric Ophthalmology deals with eye problems in children. Paediatric Ophthalmology unit in Nethra eye care deals with various eye disorders in children like refractive errors, squint and amblyopia (Lazy eye). The most common ophthalmic surgical procedures in children like correction of strabismus (squint), correction of ptosis, and minor lacrimal disorders, are also given due importance in our centre.